Saturday, February 26, 2011

most frequently used words


1.                           the
2.                           of
3.                            and
4.                           a
5.                           to
6.                           in
7.                           is
8.                           you
9.                          that
10.                      it
11.                     he
12.                      was
13.                      for
14.                      on
15.                       are
16.                       as
17.                        with
18.                        his
19.                        they
20.         I
21.                        at
22.                        be
23.                        this
24.                        have
25.                        from
26.                        or
27.                        one
28.                        had
29.                        by
30.                        word
31.                        but
32.                        not
33.                        what
34.                        all
35.                        were
36.                        we
37.                        when
38.                        your
39.                        can 
40.          said
41.                        there
42.                        use
43.                        an
44.                        each
45.                        which
46.                        she
47.                        do
48.                        how
49.                        their
50.                        if
51.                        will
52.                        up
53.                        other
54.                        about
55.                        out
56.                        many
57.                        then
58.                        them
59.                        these
60.         so
61.            some
62.            her
63.           would
64.          make
65.          like
66.          him
67.          into
68.          time
69.          has
70.          look
71.          two
72.          more
73.          write
74.          go
75.          see
76.          number
77.          no
78.          way
79.          could
80.         people
81.                      my
82.                      than
83.                      first
84.                      water
85.                      been
86.                      call
87.                      who
88.                      oil
89.                      its
90.                      now
91.                      find
92.                      long
93.                      down
94.                      day
95.                      did
96.                      get
97.                      come
98.                      made
99.                      may
100.                  part

Saturday, February 12, 2011

Is it true that English has the most words of any language?

   This question is practically impossible to answer, for the reasons explained in the answer to How many words are there in the English language? However, it seems quite probable that English has more words than most comparable world languages.
    The reason for this is historical. English was originally a Germanic language, related to Dutch and German, and it shares much of its grammar and basic vocabulary with those languages. However, after the Norman Conquest in 1066 it was hugely influenced by Norman French, which became the language of the ruling class for a considerable period, and by Latin, which was the language of scholarship and of the Church. Very large numbers of French and Latin words entered the language. Consequently, English has a much larger vocabulary than either the Germanic languages or the members of the Romance language family to which French belongs.
    English is also very ready to accommodate foreign words, and as it has become an international language, it has absorbed vocabulary from a large number of other sources. This does, of course, assume that you ignore 'agglutinative' languages such as Finnish, in which words can be stuck together in long strings of indefinite length, and which therefore have an almost infinite number of 'words'.

How many words are there in the English language?

How many words are there in the English language?   There is no single sensible answer to this question. It's impossible to count the number of words in a language, because it's so hard to decide what actually counts as a word. Is dog one word, or two (a noun meaning 'a kind of animal', and a verb meaning 'to follow persistently')? If we count it as two, then do we count inflections separately too (e.g. dogs = plural noun, dogs = present tense of the verb). Is dog-tired a word, or just two other words joined together? Is hot dog really two words, since it might also be written as hot-dog or even hotdog?

It's also difficult to decide what counts as 'English'. What about medical and scientific terms? Latin words used in law, French words used in cooking, German words used in academic writing, Japanese words used in martial arts? Do you count Scots dialect? Teenage slang? Abbreviations?

The Second Edition of the 20-volume  Oxford English Dictionary contains full entries for 171,476 words in current use, and 47,156 obsolete words. To this may be added around 9,500 derivative words included as subentries. Over half of these words are nouns, about a quarter adjectives, and about a seventh verbs; the rest is made up of exclamations, conjunctions, prepositions, suffixes, etc. And these figures don't take account of entries with senses for different word classes (such as noun and adjective).

This suggests that there are, at the very least, a quarter of a million distinct English words, excluding inflections, and words from technical and regional vocabulary not covered by the OED, or words not yet added to the published dictionary, of which perhaps 20 per cent are no longer in current use. If distinct senses were counted, the total would probably approach three quarters of a million.